Howard Stern and Social Criticisms
When most people, hear the words Howard Stern they will think of the radio shock jock that has been on the FCC’s most wanted list for years. The reason why, is because his show will often involve him doing outrageous skits and it is utilizing content that is considered to be adult orientated. This has created tremendous amounts of animosity within the world of entertainment. As, many supporters of Stern will claim that his actions are protected by the First Amendment. However, there have been a host of different Supreme Court cases that are giving the government the power over how to regulate the airwaves.
What happened was the Supreme Court gave the FCC specific guidelines for determining, what is acceptable radio content through: the Federal Communications Commission vs. Pacifica Foundation decision. In this situation, a father and son filed a complaint about how a 1973 broadcast of the George Carlin show was considered to be obscene. After hearing the arguments, they ruled that the content was considered to be indecent but not obscene. However, the court also ruled that the government has the power to regulate the kind of content that is on airwaves under two conditions. To include: shielding children from offensive material and ensuring that unwarranted speech is not entering the home. The combination of these elements is important, because they established the basic foundation that was used by the FCC when regulating radio and television broadcasts. (“FCC vs. Pacifica Foundation,” 2011)
Then, in 1987 the FCC broadened its guidelines about what kinds of content will be monitored. This is because they began receiving complaints in 1981 about the Howard Stern Show and the topics he was discussing on the air. This led to an investigation and the expansion of these regulations based on the fact that they had limited powers. Over the course of time, this increased the amounts of animosity between Stern and the government. This is significant, because it is showing how the regulators were responding to the social criticisms that he was receiving. As a result, this has caused Stern to move to Sirius XM satellite radio in an effort to avoid the overall amounts of regulatory guidelines. To fully understand what is happening, requires looking at the different social criticisms in comparison with the show. This will be accomplished by conducting an annotated bibliography and examining the methods that were used during our research. Once this occurs, it will offer the greatest insights as to how these criticisms have resulted in: increased amounts of regulation and the way that Stern has adapted to them. This is the point that we can see how these issues are impacting his show and the format that he is embracing. (Mintzer, 2010, pp. 19 — 32)
Annotated Bibliography
Stern, H. (1993). Private Parts. New York, NY: Pocket Books.
In this piece of literature, Stern (1993) is talking about his public and private life. What is most interesting about this source is that Stern acknowledges that he has issues with the FCC. However, he believes that this is not based upon the content. But, an attempt by: conservatives to control the public debate and agenda in America. For shows like Howard Stern, this is troubling because it means that they are being unfairly targeted based upon them having a more open format. (Stern, 1993, pp. 57 — 129)
According to Stern, he believes that these kinds of actions are considered to be a violation of his constitutional rights. The reason why, is because the intent of law is so ambiguous that it allows the FCC to go after anyone who they do not like. As they can claim, that the more controversial shows are in violation of these regulations. Yet, they are not specifically saying how these provisions are infringing on the law. Once this takes place, it means that there is increasing amounts of regulations placed on shows such as Stern’s. (Stern, 1993, pp. 57 — 129)
A good example of this occurred, when he had two lesbians on his show and they were talking about their relationship. During the course of the interview, Stern began to ask more racy questions about what made them want to them become homosexual. At which point, the conversations would become more focused towards sex and the various encounters of these two women. After hearing this, the FCC would fine Stern’s employer $15 thousand. This is significant, because it is showing how the content is considered to be racy. Yet, it is not directly targeting children (according to Stern). The reason why, is because they are talking about topics that they will see as well as hear about on: television, in the movies and interacting with people on a regular basis. This means that any kind of claims under this guideline are incorrect, as they will be exposed to these ideas on regular basis. As a result, Stern believes that his content is within the same guidelines as others who are on the radio and television. As he feels, that his show is being intentionally fined for this kind of content. While television is allowing lesbian kisses to occur and they are discussing gay related issues. Since he is talking about this, Stern does not think that he is in violation of these provisions. At the same time, he thinks that his actions are protected by the First Amendment. (Stern, 1993, pp. 57 — 129)
The information from this source is useful, because it is showing Howard Stern’s views about the kinds of fines that he is receiving. As, he believes that he is doing nothing wrong and that his actions are talking about similar kinds of content that are seen in the mainstream press. These elements are important, because they are illustrating how Stern thinks that his show is catered towards a key demographic. As a result, those people who are opposed to his format will frequently complain. Once they do this, is when they will exaggerate their claims. This is the point that the FCC will begin taking their side and they will sanction the show for noncompliance with regulations. However, because the language was written so vague, they have the power to effectively target him on a regular basis.
Stern, H. (1996). Miss America. New York, NY: Harper Paperbacks.
In this source, Stern (1996) is continuing to discuss his views about life and society. As he believes that everyone should be entitled to express their opinions about a host of different subjects. This is based upon his conservative upbringing in Long Island and being told to always be quiet. Over the course of time, this helped him to become more outspoken and do a host of activities to draw attention to himself. (Stern 1996, pp. 14 — 106)
A good example of this occurred, when he ran for the Governor of New York in 1992. What happened was, Stern wanted to do something about the delays on the roads by having crews work at night instead of during the day. This helped to fuel his only campaign promise and illustrate how he wanted to bring the spotlight to himself. As he was able, to receive tremendous amounts of exposure and he began to have a following outside of the radio show. This increased his popularity and allowed the show to quickly become syndicated in other markets. However, after being in the race a short while, Stern was required to disclose his financial holdings as a part of running. He refused to do so, because he felt it was an invasion of his privacy. As a result, he exited the race. This is significant, because it is showing how Stern was able to use this event to increase his overall amounts of exposure. (Stern 1996, pp. 14 — 106)
As his popularity was increasing, is when Howard’s show was receiving the greatest amounts of listeners who are both fans and critics. The fans will support his activities based upon their turnout at public related events. This has helped Stern to be able to rise in prominence, as could utilize them to have an impact on political issues (such as: supporting Clinton for President or Whitman for the Governor of the New Jersey). These different elements have given the show a tremendous amount of clout. (Stern 1996, pp. 14 — 106)
However, many of the critics believe that the topics and kinds of guests are considered to be indecent and they have campaigned to have the show taken off of the air. These two factors are important, because they have caused Stern’s ratings to skyrocket. While at the same time, they have increased the overall number of complaints that the FCC was receiving. This meant that the show had increased amounts of notoriety, while having to deal with greater levels of scrutiny from regulators. The combination of these factors is what would make Stern such a high profile target of regulators. (Stern 1996, pp. 14 — 106)
The information from this source is useful, because it is showing how Stern is often engaging in these kinds of outrageous activities to attract attention. Over the course of time, this has helped him to be able to increase his popularity and following. Yet, it simultaneously has led to a rise in the number of complaints and critics who want Stern off of the air. Once this occurred, it meant that the shows notoriety would increase. As a result, this is helping to give us specific insights as to why he engages in controversial behavior on the air and how he feels about these criticisms. (Stern 1996, pp. 14 — 106)
Bulger, C. (2009). The King of all Internet Radio. Compete. Retrieved from: http://blog.compete.com/2009/04/20/sirius-channel-howard-stern/
In the article that was written by Bulger (2009), it talks about how Howard Stern remains popular on Sirius Satellite Radio. This is because, he was able to take his audience with him and continue with the same kind of activities as before (only without the interference of the FCC). The below table is illustrating the overall popularity of the Stern Show in comparison with others that are offered to listeners. (Bulger, 2009)
The Popularity of Howard Stern vs. The other Stations on Sirius XM
Rank
Category
Chanel
Number of Listeners
1
Howard Stern
Howard 100
28.4%
2
Howard Stern
Howard 101
16.1%
3
Pop
Sirius Hits 1
10.1%
4
Rock
Classic Rewind
5.7%
5
Rock
Classic Vinyl
5.7%
6
Rock
Octane
5.3%
7
Pop
Eighties on Eight
5.1%
9
Country
The Highway
4.3%
10
Pop
The Blend
4.3%
11
Rock
The Nation
4.3%
12
Rock
Hair Nation
4.0%
13
Rock
The Coffee House
3.5%
14
Rock
Lithium
3.4%
15
Rock
Liquid Metal
3.4%
16
Hip Hop
Shade 454
3.2%
17
Hip Hop
Hip Hop Nation
3.1%
18
Pop
Seventies on 7
3.0%
19
Pop
Nineties on 9
2.9%
20
Rock
The Spectrum
2.8%
(Bulger, 2009)
These different figures are important, because they are showing how Stern is dominating satellite radio by capturing 44.8% of the listening audience. This is the highest rated program on the network. While at the same time, it is illustrating the overall popularity of the show in comparison with many of the traditional genres. (Bulger, 2009)
The information from this source is useful, because it is illustrating how Stern is continuing to have a tremendous following. This is because his unique format is attracting a large demographic of individuals that are interested in what he has to say. As a result, since Stern has made the switch to satellite radio he has been able to maintain his status as the King of All Media.
Guttenberg, S. (2010). How Big are Howard Stern’s Ratings. CNET. Retrieved from: http://news.cnet.com/8301-13645_3-10262493-47.html
The article that was written by Guttenburg (2010), talks about how the Howard Stern Show is maintaining its strong following among listeners. As they switched with him, when first announced that he would be broadcasting with Sirius in 2005. This is because the show has attracted such a following that he has become a figure who is widely known. Evidence of this can be seen with comparing the total amount of listeners that he has to that of the next rated show in country (Rush Limbaugh). In the table below it is illustrating the vast differences between the two shows. (Guttenberg, 2010)
Howard Stern vs. Rush Limbaugh
Personality
Total Number of Listeners
Howard Stern
20 Million
Rush Limbaugh
14.6 Million
(Guttenberg, 2010)
These figures are important, because they are showing how the Howard Stern Show is more popular in comparison with Rush Limbaugh. This is taking into the account that he has switched to satellite radio and Limbaugh is on the AM band (which is available for free). What this is illustrating, is that Stern’s show has a tremendous following of listeners. As a result, this is what is helping to fuel his claims that he is the King of All Media. (Guttenberg, 2010)
The information from this source is useful, because it is illustrating how the show has a tremendous following. This has helped to increase the popularity and value of Stern to radio networks. Once this occurred, it meant that he could find a format free from FCC interference and make more money. These are the biggest reasons why he decided to begin working with Sirius in 2005. Over the course of time, this move has allowed him to be able to increase his popularity and try even more outrageous behavior. This is the point that his total number of viewers is considerably higher in comparison with other shows. (Guttenberg, 2010)
Sussman, G. (2004). Stern Reprimand. EW. Retrieved from: http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,609735,00.html
In the article that was written by Sussman (2004), it discusses the how there have been a variety of complaints registered with FCC about the show. This is because, there is often content that is considered to be sexually explicit (which will have a negative impact on children). At which point, they will investigate and levy a series of different fines against Stern’s employer. (Sussman, 2004)
A good example of this can be seen with a 2003 case involving attorney and activist Jack Thompson. What happened was, he had recorded and provided the FCC with transcripts from a recent broadcast of the show on WBGG in Miami. During the broadcast, Stern had made a number of different references to sex. As, he was using words to describe certain positions and different aspects of oral sex, with him talking about this on the show to one of regulars named John Melendez. When they were conversing, they were discussing a product called Sphincterine. This is used for maintaining oral and anal hygiene. Once the FCC received these comments is when they began to aggressively investigate the Stern show. (Sussman, 2004)
While this was taking place, Howard continued with his outrageous behavior on the air. This time, he had issues with a broadcast that had in reference to a number of sexual references directed as his co-host Robin Quivers. As, he had used a various words when referring to her including: blumpking, balloon knot, nasty sanchez and the David Copperfield. This caused the total number of complaints with the FCC to increase even more. After investigating these and series of other incidents, regulators determined that Stern had breached various provisions of the decency guidelines during these broadcasts. This is when they began to fine his employer (Infinity Communications) and they had to agree to take the show off the air in select markets. In the aftermath of these events, Stern was very angry about how he was being treated. (Sussman, 2004)
This is information is useful, because it is highlighting how there are tremendous amounts of complaints against the show. Over the course of time, this has increased the number of fines that are levied against Stern’s employer. Once this occurs, it means that Howard faces increasing amounts of pressure to change the format. As a result, this is one of the main reasons why he decided to switch to satellite radio in 2005. (Sussman, 2004)
Stern Challenges FCC Chairman. (2004). CNN. Retrieved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/10/26/stern.fcc/
In the article titled Stern Challenges FCC Chairman (2004), it discusses how the animosity between Howard and government increased exponentially. As there was an interview on the radio with the Chairman of the FCC in 2004 (Michael Powell) and Stern called into comment about the actions of the agency. During a tenuous exchange he asked him why his show is being specifically targeted. He then, claimed that the activities were bordering on unconstitutionality because they violate the provisions of freedom of speech. Evidence of this can be seen with comments from Stern during the exchange to Powell who said, “I don’t think that you personally hate me. I think what you’ve been doing is dangerous to free speech. I don’t think just against me, I think things have gotten way out of control.” This is significant, because it is showing how Stern is continuing to gain attention based on his outrageous behavior. At which point, regulators begin watching his activities even more closely. (“Stern Challenges FCC Chairman,” 2004)
The information from this source is useful, because it is illustrating how Stern will often engage in outrageous behavior to draw attention to himself. At the same time, he is directly challenging his critics by questioning if the various penalties levied against him are a violation of the Constitution. This is adding the overall levels of popularity of the show based upon the publicity he is receiving from his critics. (“Stern Challenges FCC Chairman,” 2004)
Schorn, D. (2005). Howard Stern’s Challenge. CBS News. Retrieved from: http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/12/01/60minutes/main1090737.shtml
In the article that was written Schorn (2005) it talks about why Stern is engaging in outrageous behavior. According to Howard, he believes that sometimes he is directly targeted by some of these different regulators and will often engage in outrageous behavior. Evidence of this can be seen with Stern wishing that former Chairman of the FCC was dead with him saying, “I pray that his prostate cancer spreads into his lungs and his kidneys. I pray to you Jesus, answer my prayer.” These kinds of statement have angered critics to the point that they are no longer willing stand for this kind of confrontational behavior.
As a result, Stern has been increasingly the focus of FCC related probes based upon his comments that he makes on the air. This has led to him receiving the highest number of fines ever totaling $45 million. However, he is largely unremorseful about his actions with him saying, “Yes. I can be outrageous. I don’t know that I would do that now. I’m older. But I don’t have to apologize for that. I’m on the air five hours, and I blurt out anything in my head. Dangerous? Maybe. You know, do I say things afterwards that I regret. This is because those are thoughts in my head, and I share them with the audience. I guess I’m still a kid. Because when I get really angry and fired up and I feel like my back is up against the wall, I will say vicious things. And rather than hide that, I would rather put that out on the radio and let someone see the full range of emotions. If you’re going to be strong on the radio, you got to let it all out, even the ugly stuff. And you can’t apologize for it. You could choose to look at it that way. I don’t. I look at it that I won. I go to a new medium. I’m uncensored. And for me, it’s a checkmate.” (Schorn, 2005) This is significant, because it is showing how despite Stern’s critics he has continued to remain on the air.
The information from this source is useful, because it is illustrating how Stern enjoys the overall amounts of social criticisms that he is receiving. As he had managed to: remain on the air and as popular as ever, despite a number of critics who have tried to silence him. Over the course of time, this has fueled the selection of topics were discussed on his show (with nothing being considered to be out of bounds). Once technology had changed, is when he became more powerful because of his large following. This prevented regulators from shutting him down and it allowed him to be able to continue to push the envelope on what was socially acceptable. Once technology improved, was the point that he was able to circumvent the law and broadcast from a medium where he could not be silenced. In this aspect, one could argue that this quest for challenging the status quo is what is driving Stern to remain on the air.
Pomerantz, D. (2011). Howard Stern and Mel Karmazin. Forbes. Retrieved from: http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2011/05/26/howard-stern-and-mel-karmazin-fall-out-over-money/
In the article that was written by Pomerantz (2011), it talks about how Howard Stern and Sirius Satellite Radio are having a dispute over pay. What happened was Stern had went to the company, with the intention of helping them to build their subscriber base. As, this was a mutually beneficial relationship for everyone, where Stern was able to say what he wants and Sirus would see a huge increase in subscribers. However, problems emerged over the years when the company merged with XM. This caused the total number of subscribers to increase to 20.5 million. The problem is what percentage of subscribers Stern should be paid for. This is based upon the fact that not all them were with Sirius originally. Once this occurred, it meant that there would be increased tensions between Stern and the management. Where, he was making $76 million every year and had greater amounts of freedom. Yet, this was not enough for him as he wanted to be compensated for the total subscribers. (Pomerantz, 2005)
The information from this source is useful, because it is illustrating how the relationship between Sirius and Stern has completely unraveled. This means that in the future there could be a possibility that he may have to find another medium for the show if this animosity continues. As a result, this is an indication that despite having no critics and greater amounts of freedom Stern is continuing to generate controversy. If this situation remains, there is the chance that Stern may have to return to traditional radio. The question is if he will make this switch. The reason why, is because he has indicated that the show is entering its final stages. (Pomerantz, 2005)
Kharif, O. (2010). Sirius Looks Fit to Outgrow. Business Week. Retrieved from: http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/sep2010/tc20100910_414287.htm
In the article that was written by Kharif (2010), it discusses how Howard Stern has publically discussed the fact that he may leave Sirius. This is because he does not believe that they are providing him with the kind of deal that he is looking for to keep the show in its present format. As, the management is trying to renegotiate a number of long-term contracts that were signed years ago to include: Major League Baseball, the NFL and NASCAR. This is because the company wants to maximize their profit margins. (Kharif, 2010)
At the same time, the firm is seeing continuing subscriber growth that is coming from other sources outside of the Stern show. This has helped to embolden executive by letting them negotiate deals that may not have as lucrative for past hosts. As a result, this has been helping to contribute to the added amounts of animosity between Stern and company executives. In the future, the real key that will determine the fate of the show is going to depend upon Stern’s pay package. (Kharif, 2010)
The information from this source is useful, because it is highlighting how Stern was not able to find the perfect format for his show. Instead, he may be forced to return to traditional radio that is regulated by the FCC. This is significant, because it is illustrating how despite the lack of social criticism there were still monetary challenges facing the show. As a result, this confirming how the critics may be able to increase pressure on radio networks, to limit the number of stations that will allow the show on the air (if it were to return to traditional radio). In this aspect, one could argue that the critics will have a greater voice over what Stern says on the air. This is a complete reversal from the arrogance that Stern was showing when he was going to satellite radio in 2005. (Kharif, 2010)
Stern’s Most Shocking Moments. (2005). TMZ. Retrieved from: http://www.tmz.com/2005/12/15/sterns-most-shocking-moments/
In the article titled Stern’s Most Shocking Moments (2005), it discusses how he has publically belittled women by referring to them as sex objects. A good example of this can be seen with comments from a show in 1992 as Stern said, “The closest I came to making love to a black woman was I masturbated to a picture of Aunt Jemima on a pancake box. I did it right on her kerchief.” Because of these remarks, the FCC levied a $600 thousand fine against the show. This is important, because it is highlighting how women are often degraded as nothing more than sex objects. (“Stern’s Most Shocking Moments,” 2005)
Further evidence of this can be seen with comments that Stern made after the Columbine shooting in 1999 with him saying, “There were some really good-looking girls running with their hands over their heads. Did those kids try to have sex with any of those good-looking girls? They didn’t even do that? At least if you’re going to kill yourself and kill the kids, why wouldn’t you have some sex? If I was going to kill some people, I’d take them out with sex.” These comments were considered to be so offensive, that the show was censured by the Colorado State Legislature. This is significant, because it is showing how Stern will often degrade women from a variety of ethnic backgrounds and age groups. (“Stern’s Most Shocking Moments,” 2005)
The information from this source is useful, because it is illustrating how women are often treated poorly on the show. Over the years, this has resulted in fines and various actions to punish Stern for his comments. Once this occurs, it means that the overall amounts of publicity that he is generating are continuing to increase. This helps to build his popularity and following even more (based on the outrageous comments that he is making). (“Stern’s Most Shocking Moments,” 2005)
Brown, L. (2010). Howard Stern Says the View is Unwatchable. Examiner. Retrieved from: http://www.examiner.com/the-view-in-national/howard-stern-says-the-view-is-unwatchable
In the article that was written by Brown (2010), she is discussing how Stern is often viewed as a sexist by most women. While he believes, that many of these individuals are pushy and rude. A good example of this can be seen with him telling his audience that the television show the View was unwatchable in 2010. The reason why, is because everyone on the View will gang up on their guests and then attempt to talk over each other. (Brown, 2010)
Evidence of this happened when the show invited a conservative author named (Ann Coulter) as a guest. What took place was an all-out shouting match between the different hosts of the show. As, they tried to talk over everyone in an effort to be the most dominate personality on the show. According the Stern, this kind of behavior is encouraged as the producers want to create extra drama for the viewing audience. (Brown, 2010)
The information from this source is useful, because it is highlighting how women generally have negative perspectives about Howard Stern. While at the same time, this is also illustrating how the feeling is mutual, with Stern verbally attacking them in public. Once this occurs, it fuels increased amounts of controversy about the show and the comments directed by the two sides. This helped to increase Stern’s notoriety and it allowed him to create more publicity about the kind of topics they are discussing. (Brown, 2010)
Reynolds, J. (2010). The Women of the View Criticize Howard Stern. Ebony Mom Politics. Retrieved from: http://ebonymompolitics.wordpress.com/2010/03/11/the-women-of-the-view-criticize-howard-stern-for-bashing-gabourey-sidibe/
In the article that was written by Reynolds (2010), she is talking about how Stern is often looked at a chauvinist. This is because he degrades any kind of women who are not thin and sexually promiscuous. Recent evidence of this occurred on the View with the hosts criticizing Stern for making comments about Gabourey Sidibe being morbidly obese. What happened was, Stern had publically belittled the actress and was not sure how she could be able to find any kind of work based on her weight. The next day this fueled anger from the hosts of the View, as they felt that this was more of negative comments that are designed to belittle women. This is significant, because it is showing how Stern is using his comments to generate even controversy about what he is saying. The difference is that he is using the show, to create outrage among women by appearing to be chauvinist. (Reynolds, 2010)
The information from this source is useful, because it is illustrating how women have a negative perspective about Howard Stern. As, they feel that he will berate any female that does not fit within his predetermined standards. While Stern, is using this as an opportunity to create controversy and keep people talking about the show. Once this occurs, it means that his ratings will increase because everyone wants to hear what he will say next. (Reynolds, 2010)
Robin Quivers. (2011). Huffington Post. Retrieved from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robin-quivers
The article that is titled Robin Quivers (2011), talks about what Stern cohost thinks of the show. As she, has been working with him for 30 years and believes that they do talk about the racy topics. However, they do not discuss anything that is considered to be specifically offensive to anyone. Instead, it is everyone expressing their opinions about the show and current events. According to Quivers, this makes the show more of sketch that is poking fun at society. (“Robin Quivers,’ 2011)
That being said, she also believes that the content they will often, discuss is geared towards a male perspective. This is because the majority of the guests are male and the show is built around Howard’s personality. These different factors mean that there will be a certain amount of bias towards women. The only difference is that they are not serious about what they are saying. Instead, they are poking fun at society in their own unique way. This is important, because it is showing how there are different views among women about the show. As, some will see Stern as a chauvinist, while others will look at him as someone who is poking fun at the various groups within society. (“Robin Quivers,’ 2011)
The information from this source is useful, because it is showing how there are different views among women about the show. In some cases, they will see Stern’s comments as sexist. While others, will claim that this is an attempt to entertain the audience. The best way that this can be accomplished is to talk about topics that are considered to be more controversial. Once this occurs, is when the show will inform and provide a unique perspective on what is happening in the world around us. (“Robin Quivers,’ 2011)
As far as Howard is concerned, he does not care about what women think of him. This is because his comments and actions are designed to create some kind of buzz about what they are discussing. At which point, this will create controversy surrounding these ideas and how outrageous these comments were. This is when various shows such as the View will have long discussions about what is said. Over the course of time, this helps to increase Stern’s following.
Methodology
To determine the underlying trends that are occurring in relation to society and their views on Howard Stern we will use quantitative analysis. This is when we are examining a variety of different sources that are not a part of a scientific sample to include: the use of websites, books and other forms of information. Once this occurs, we will then take the various facts and then compare them with one another to understand the overall trends. At which point, we can see the impact of social criticism on Howard Stern and how his show has evolved to deal with these issues. (“Qualitative Analysis,” 2011)
To carefully examine the different findings of the research, we will look at all of the facts through a process known as comparative analysis. This is when we are going be contrasting the various pieces of research with one another to understand the overall trends that are taking place. Once this occurs, is when we can be able to make accurate inferences about how the critics have influenced the Howard Stern Show. This is the point that we can understand the actions that were taken by both sides, in the numerous long running disputes on a host of issues. (“What is Comparative Analysis,” 2011)
Clearly, the ongoing battle between Howard Stern and his critics are continuing. The reason why, is because of the kinds of topics that he is discussing on the air is considered to be somewhat racy. Over the course of time, this has led to an increase in complaints that were received by the FCC. At which point, they would investigate these allegations and fine Stern’s employer.
In 2005, the move to Sirius Satellite Radio was supposed to give Stern the format that he wanted. However, pay disputes have led to increased amounts of animosity between Stern and management. As, he believes that he is being shortchanged based upon their total number of subscribers. This has angered Stern so much that he is threatened to leave Sirius and return to traditional radio. These different elements are important, because they are showing how the constant battle between Stern and critics are continuing despite Howard’s move. In the future, this means that Stern will face the challenges of maintaining his open format and dealing with increased regulation.
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